If you’re self-employed or earn income without tax withholding, the IRS generally requires you to make quarterly estimated tax payments. These payments help cover income and self-employment taxes throughout the year instead of all at once at filing time.

Skipping estimated payments can lead to penalties and interest — even if you pay the full amount owed when you file your return. Making timely estimated payments helps avoid surprises, improves cash-flow planning, and keeps you in good standing. A tax professional can help calculate the right amounts and deadlines based on your income.